Discuss the similarities and differences between ?new terrorism? and th

Pantha rei †as it was expressed by the Greek logician, Heraclites of Ephesus (6th and fifth hundreds of years B.C.) †everything streams, everything changes. Change in the contemporary world is an amazingly quick procedure. Nothing is left equivalent to it was previously. In political theory particularly, a few thoughts (for example power) request redefinition. The changing idea of all things additionally incorporates the political idea of psychological warfare. The official way to deal with this changing fear mongering is somewhat confounded. The psychological oppressor of yesterday is the legend of today, and the saint of yesterday turns into the psychological oppressor of today . There is then an incredible need to realize what contemporary fear mongering is and what it isn't. Psychological oppression is a determined utilization of capacity to accomplish a political change, along these lines viciousness †or on the other hand similarly significant, the danger of brutality †is utilized and coordinated in quest for, or in administration of a political point . Fear based oppression is a statement of political technique, an adamant decision made by an association for political and key reasons (viability) instead of as the unintended result of mental or social components . Be that as it may, fear based oppression is hard to characterize in light of the fact that the importance of the term has changed so much of the time in the course of recent years. It has transformed from positive implication during the French Revolution (firmly connected with the standards of prudence and vote based system ), through the progressive development lastly to a strictly inspired go about as today is predominantly seen. In any case, we need to ask ourselves whether â€Å"old† and â€Å"new† fear mongering truly exists, or possibly the wonder we are confronting today reminds us an old wine in another container. Two inquiries outline the talked about issue: 1.     What is the idea of â€Å"new† fear mongering? 2.     What is the size of danger of â€Å"new† fear mongering? â€Å"Old† and â€Å"new† fear mongering are recognizable in five focuses, as the table beneath shows . Old Terrorism     New Terrorism Ideological     Vague or strict inspirations Hierarchical     Unorganized (solitary wolf, specially appointed) in this manner increasingly hard to infiltrate Purposeful publicity by deed (carrying issue to the table)     More vicious (murdering for executing) Sub-national     Transnational and International (worldwide... ...uld be viewed as increasingly perilous. The new principles of an old game make it progressively deadly and eccentric. Let us look at just a single model: Nearly every psychological militant gathering in Iraq has as of late caught an outsider however also, they have delivered a going with video, where a rundown of requests is delineated, a cutoff time is set, prisoners supplication for their lives, and in a few examples, they are killed by executing. At that point these kidnappings blend a procedure of â€Å"old† fear based oppression in administration of â€Å"new† style psychological warfare. Moreover, presently like never before, the media are an instrument of war. These dramatizations were communicated by the media everywhere throughout the world. This is the way the media assists with developing psychological oppression †they send the fear based oppressor a reasonable albeit implicit message: to keep up access to the wireless transmissions, you have to devise much progressively crazy strategies. Subsequently, the new â€Å"global† fear monger, got into the snare of globalization, should defy more guidelines, cross progressively mental fringes, also, break more restrictions so as to exist. This can be viewed as the most perilous element of the â€Å"new† fear based oppression †not exclusively do we not know when the following assault will strike, we either have no clue about what really will happen .

A Mistake That Taught You an Important Lesson

Section 1: Basic ideas and terms This part responds to the accompanying inquiries: What is a word reference? What are the various kinds of word references? How might we depict a word reference? What are the components of a word reference? What are the various types of data word references give? What is a word reference? This is the principal question one experiences when finding out about word reference abilities or perusing any book on etymology (the specialty of assembling word references). Characterizing the term â€Å"dictionary† is imperative to recognize it from other reference books, which may seem to be comparable, as encyclopedias.Etymologically, the word â€Å"dictionary† originates from the Middle Latin word â€Å"dictionarium,† which implies â€Å"collection of words and phrases†. This definition identifies with the fundamental capacity of word references which is posting the expressions of a language or a specific field of information. This ba sic reality is the premise of the considerable number of definitions proposed for a word reference. A word reference is a book utilized as a kind of perspective source which contains arrangements of words orchestrated in order or specifically, with clarifications of their implications (semantic data in monolingual word references) or with their reciprocals (in bi-, tri-, or multilingual dictionaries).They may likewise incorporate more data identified with orthography (spelling, exchange spellings), morphology (syllabification, word enunciations, subordinate structures, morphological worldview), phonology (elocution, stress design), historical background (word history and starting point), linguistic structure (grammatical form, action word type, thing type, and so on), pragmatics (utilization, recurrence of utilization, style, setting), and other semantic data (related words, for example, equivalents, antonyms). A word reference may differently be alluded to as: word book, dictionary , thesaurus, jargon, glossary, and concordance.However, every single one of these is marginally extraordinary in scope. For instance, a thesaurus (likewise from Latin, and which implies a treasury or a storage facility) presents equivalents and antonyms; a glossary as a rule gives a rundown of terms restricted to a specific area of information with definitions. What recognizes a word reference from these various sorts is that none of them gives all the various types of phonetic data a word reference gives. Use thesaurus in a Sentence See pictures of thesaurus Search thesaurus on the Web Types of word references: Dictionaries shift in inclusion, size, and scope.They can be characterized based on various measures. Knowing the kinds of word references accessible is essential to choose which ones to purchase or use. The accompanying rules are utilized to group word references: 1) Number of dialects: Monolingual word references are written in one language as it were. Each word is trailed by its importance or different implications and likely other data identified with articulation, language, or word history. Bilingual word references are written in two dialects. Each word is trailed by its proportionate or potential reciprocals in another language.Bilingual word references could be uni-or mono-directional; that is, they go in one heading in particular, from English to Arabic or tight clamp versa. They could likewise be bidirectional; that is, the word reference is separated into two sections; the initial segment is from Language 1 to Language 2, and the subsequent one is from Language 2 to Language 1. Trilingual word references are written in three dialects. Multilingual language are written in multiple dialects. 2) Age of the clients: School word references are expected for school understudies and they are evaluated by youngsters' age: rudimentary, center, and secondary school students.They are improved adaptations of grown-up references. They may likewise be allu ded to as â€Å"children's dictionaries† on the off chance that they are planned for small kids. Grown-up word references, then again, are planned for grown-ups and these are the ones that interpreters use and they incorporate an assortment of word reference types, for example, school word references, current language word references, and unedited word references. 3) Size of the word reference: This has to do with how completely a word reference covers the dictionary of a specific language. The quantity of words is a proportion of its relative size contrasted and different word references in the equivalent language.According to this rules, word references can be arranged into the accompanying. an) Unabridged word references which are accepted to incorporate all the expressions of the English language (400,000 to 600,000 words). They give full inclusion to the vocabulary when all is said in done utilize and to specific vocabulary, with models and all other data any word refere nce could give. As it were, they give total and definitive etymological data. They are unfeasible for work area use due to their size and cost, however they are accessible in libraries and are significant reference sources.Examples: Webster's Third New International Dictionary (NID3), and Oxford English word reference (OED) which has 20 volumes. Semi-complete word references are those which incorporate around 315,000 words, for example, the Random House Dictionary. b) College word references incorporate from 150,000 to 170,000 words (just about 200,000 words). Models: The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, The Random House College Dictionary, Webster's New World Dictionary of American English. They are called school word references since they are frequently utilized by understudies. c) Desk word references incorporate from 60,000 to 100,000 words.Examples: The American legacy word reference, Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary. They are called work area word r eferences since they are regularly kept on work areas for visit reference. School and work area word references are regularly shortened adaptations of bigger word references. Some distributing houses utilize the term school to allude to both school word references and work area word references. Some different houses utilize the term brief to allude to work area word references; e. g. Succinct Oxford Dictionary, Longman Concise English Dictionary. d) Pocket size word references, which incorporate from 40,000 to 60,000 words; e. g. Pocket Oxford Dictionary. 4) Scope of inclusion by subject:Subject-field word references are limited to an uncommon subject, for example, law or medication. Particular reason word references are constrained to one part of language: collocations, slang, articulation, historical underpinnings, equivalent words, utilization, hostile and no-no words, spelling, tongue, neologisms, and so forth. An utilitarian order of word references: For the motivation behind t he current course, which at last targets preparing understudies to utilize word references as expert interpreters, we will embrace the accompanying grouping that depends on the elements of word references. Word references are isolated into two kinds: customary and electronic dictionaries.I. Customary (or standard) word references: Traditional word references are printed word references (paper/print word references). They are separated into four principle classes: phonetic, visual, picture, and broad word references. 1) Linguistic word references are word references that are worried about words and give phonetic data and may contain a few pictures or outlines. They are additionally isolated into four sorts: general, student, kids, and concentrated word references. a) General-reason word references manage the basic expressions of a language and are assembled by language specialists. They might be mono-or bilingual.They might be illustrative and help perusers to comprehend a word meani ng, its articulation, spelling, use, and so on. They might be interpretation word references giving word counterparts. Illustrative and interpretation word references might be complete, school, work area, brief, or pocket word references. Broadly useful word references could likewise be creation word references (then again called activators) which are exceptionally helpful recorded as a hard copy; they control you with respect to which words or articulations to use to communicate comparable or various thoughts. They center around use or importance in setting and on oral use, as opposed to clarifying their meanings.The first creation word reference is: Longman Language Activator: The World's First Production Dictionary (1993), Longman Essential Activator (transitional level). The lexical data is sorted out around roughly 1000 key terms that fill in as central focuses for critical arrangements of ideas. b) Learners' word references are focused on understudies learning a language. Mode ls: Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, Collins Cobuild English Dictionary, Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners. c) Children word references are extremely disentangled forms explicitly composed for youngsters. ) Specialized word references are separated into two sorts: subject field word references and unique reason word references. Subject field word references are constrained to the jargon of explicit academic territories or fields of information, for example, medication, law, religion, business and trade, writing, military undertakings and governmental issues, and so forth. The quick development and advancement, and details in all the fields of information has brought about producing of new words or concentrated terms for which the general word references don't give satisfactory information.Therefore, it got important to arrange subject word references which are dedicated totally to explicit subject fields. Thus many subject word references and glossaries in Huma nities, Social Sciences and Science ; Technology are coming out step by step. They are aggregated by the specialists in the diverse subject fields. Particular reason word references manage various parts of language, for example, collocations, slang, figures of speech, phrasal action words, neologisms, shortened forms, language assortments and lingos, equivalent words and antonyms, elocution, historical background, utilization, syntax, word frequencies, and so forth ) Visual word references will in general be finished word references and depend on representations and photographs or pictures; e. g. Merriam-Webster's Visual Dictionary Online. 3) Picture word references are regularly composed by subject as opposed to being an alphabetic rundown of words. They incorporate just a little corpus of words since they are regularly expected for c

Writing A College Scholarship Essay - General Scholarship Essay Topics

Writing A College Scholarship Essay - General Scholarship Essay TopicsThe subjects of general scholarship essay topics vary depending on the institution that you are applying to. These topics may include such subjects as communication, character, volunteer work, education, creativity, and leadership. Other common scholarship topics include race and ethnicity, career, and class.Any one of these general scholarship essay topics is an excellent topic for your essay. With just a few thought-provoking sentences in your scholarship essay, you can certainly get people's attention and interest. Some of the topics mentioned above will be discussed in detail below. Many scholarship writers do not have experience writing about their own subject. Before submitting your scholarship essay, do a little research to make sure you are offering a decent general topic that a college or university may consider.This personal note can be anything you want it to be. Whether it is a question or an opinion or a comment. Give the reader a real taste of you. Keep in mind that your essay should not be a formula; you should make it unique.You might want to let your main topic is a key feature of your scholarship essay. This could be something about your overall level of accomplishment in your field. Often, this subject is highlighted by the paragraph at the beginning of your essay. The subject of your main point should be enough to interest the reader. Some of the essays that are written on the topic of the main feature will get the most attention.The first paragraph of your essay should tell the reader what the school is all about. Be sure to say something about the mission of the school and its overall philosophy. If you don't know much about the school or their philosophy, it would be best to avoid stating it in your essay. Just say that you will be doing your best to be able to give them what they need.Also, be sure to mention the important thing that you look forward to. This may be ab out your classes, your classes at home, or the major that you are pursuing. Make sure to let the reader know how you have succeeded at something that interests you. If you can, tell the reader about how you were able to overcome some obstacles.General scholarship essay topics are often as good as the person who writes them. Be sure to talk about the person's success. Don't try to force your ideas into an essay format. You may be embarrassed if you are not able to write well.

Two Lives of Charlemagne - 1525 Words

Book Review of Two Lives of Charlemagne After having read both versions of the life of Charlemagne there is no doubt that they differ greatly in the sense of style, audience, and emotion. By reading these two descriptions of Charlemagnes life we are able to decipher somewhat of the life he led as a shaper of early medieval European history. However, both of these versions possess the admiration of a noble man who they believe is worthy enough to be noted in history to some degree. The first account of Charlemagnes life was by his courtier, Einhard, who thought it would be a tragedy if history forgot such a noble ruler. Furthermore, not only does he believe that it should be him to write about Charlemagnes life, but only him. He†¦show more content†¦He treated her with every respect and never had a cross word with her, He treated her with the same respect which he showed his mother (pg. 74, Einhard). He, Einhard, also gives attention to the intimacy of Charlemagne. He refers to several times that the emperor was b rought to tears whenever one of his children died or when Pope Hadrian had died. It is most evident that Einhard knows the person he is writing about extremely well and he himself is a primary source to Charlemagne. The style that Notker is identified with is somewhat of a fairy-tale like rhythm. His writing is filled with random stories that at times have nothing to do with Charlemagnes life. He even goes to admit that they do not. Since the occasion has offered itself, although indeed they have nothing to do with my subject matter, it does not seem to be a bad ideaÂ… (pg. 115, Notker). The ones that do have a hint of Charlemagnes life have very little or no influence the view of his life. The majority of his writing seems to be a composition of stories that he was told by other people. His stories always seem to start out like a fairy-tale. They begin with things like At this point I must tell you a story or On another occasion. He admits that he has never even been to the land of the Franks, just heard stories. I am a lazy man myself, more sluggish than a tortoise, and I have never traveled to the land of the FranksÂ… (pg.Show MoreRelatedThe Two Lives of Charlemagne Essay708 Words   |  3 Pages The two lives of Charlemagne as told by Einhard and Notker are two medieval sources about the accounts of the life Charlemagne. Modern sources by Matthew Innes and Rosamond Mckitterick discuss how history was recorded during the medieval period and how it was suppose to be viewed in the early ages. Observing each of these sources helps get an understanding of how the writing of history is important in recorded history and how it affected how the history of Charlemagne was recorded. Read MoreThe Countless Lives of Charlemagne Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pagesfamous work about Charlemagne is a book entitled The Two Lives of Charlemagne which consists of two separate biographies published into one book and tells the story of Charlemagnes life as two different people experienced it. Apart from this, there are many other places you can turn to learn more about the life of the king of the Franks, including letters, capitularies, inventories, annals, and more. However, each of these sources seem to paint a different picture of Charlemagne. In one, he seemsRead MoreStyles of Historiography: Herodotus vs Einhard940 Words   |  4 Pagesin two completely different styles. Einhard’s style is about giving specific details, while Herodotus’s style is about giving his own personal opinions and information that he has from secondary sources. The biggest effect of the difference amongst the two historian’s style of writing is the fact that Einhardâ€⠄¢s history of Charlemagne’s life gives information that makes it seem as if the events were realistic, while some of the events that Herodotus talks about seem conjured. The Two Lives ofRead More Charlemagne Essay938 Words   |  4 Pages After reading two versions of â€Å"The Life of Charlemagne†, one written by a person who lived with Charlemagne, and one who didn’t, it is evident that Charlemagne is portrayed in a negative way by the author, the Monk of St. Gall, and in a positive way by Einhard. Einhard was very close to Charlemagne. He lived at the same time and with Charlemagne himself. His version of â€Å"The Life of Charlemagne† was writing right after his death. The Monk of St. Gall wrote his version more than 70 years after Charlemagne’sRead MoreThe Life Of Charlemagne By The Frankish Scholar Einhard1227 Words   |  5 PagesThe Life of Charlemagne, written by the Frankish scholar Einhard, is a biography on the personal life and achievements of Charlemagne, a ruler of the Franks and the king of Italy. He ruled from 774-800. Einhard, a male Frankish scholar, was born to noble parents in the Main Valley, around 770 A.D. He was educated in the monastery of Fulda, and shortly after sent to the palace school of Charlemagne in Aachen. Eventually becoming a personal adviser and a close friend to the king of the Franks, he influencedRead MoreThe Life Of Charlemagne By Einhard965 Words   |  4 PagesThe Life of Charlemagne is an edited version from the original book Two Lives of Charlemagne. The author of the original biography is Einhard, who was his close friend and younger contemporary. He wrote this biography, after his death in 814 CE to honor Charlemagne and his contributions to the Frankish dynasty. In the historical context Charlemagne is believed to have contributed largely in flourishing the Carolingian Empire. In the book, The Life of Charlemagne, Einhard describes Charlemagne’s personalRead MoreCharlemagne by the Sword and the Cross Essay880 Words   |  4 PagesCharlemagne by the Sword and the Cross By the sword and the cross, Charlemagne became master of Western Europe. It was falling into decay when Charlemagne became joint king of the Franks in 768. Except in the monasteries, people had all but forgotten education and the arts. Boldly Charlemagne conquered barbarians and kings alike. By restoring the roots of learning and order, he preserved many political rights and revived culture. Charlemagnes grandfather was Charles Martel, the warriorRead MoreReligious Conflicts in The Song of Roland1326 Words   |  5 PagesChristians and Muslims in 778 A.D. In it, Charlemagne and his men, weary in their seventh year of battle against pagan forces in Spain, have captured every heathen stronghold but the kingdom of Saragossa, held by the Muslim king Marsile. Terrified of the might of Charlemagne’s army, Marsile promises treasures, hostages and his conversion to Christianity if the Franks will go back to France. However, Marsile has no intention of surrendering and wants only for Charlemagne to end his siege of the city and getRead MoreCharlemagne : The Kingdom Of The Dark Ages1100 Words   |  5 Pagesfourth century of the Dark Ages. Charlemagne was determined to unite and christianize the Germanic kingdoms of Europe. He lived in a time in which the Germanic groups who inhabited Europe remained disorganized and had no central authority (Ann 1). Through many battles and years of war, he reached his destination of unifying Europe. Charlemagne deserves the title â€Å"Father of Europe† after he unified his kingdom and set a precedent for his successors. Charlemagne inherited the throne with his brotherRead MoreCharlemagne And The Carolingian Renaissance1677 Words   |  7 PagesNaomi Spiegelman Professor Rui de Sousa Medieval Civilization - Section 01 27 September 2017 Charlemagne and the Carolingian Renaissance The Carolingian Empire was not at full fruition when Charlemagne rose to power, it was quite the contrary. In the eighth century, the lands covered by what is now known as France and Belgium, as well as part of Germany made up the Frankish state ruled by the kings of the Merovingian line. The Merovingian empire was weak and in a steady decline; the majority of

Two Lives of Charlemagne - 1525 Words

Book Review of Two Lives of Charlemagne After having read both versions of the life of Charlemagne there is no doubt that they differ greatly in the sense of style, audience, and emotion. By reading these two descriptions of Charlemagnes life we are able to decipher somewhat of the life he led as a shaper of early medieval European history. However, both of these versions possess the admiration of a noble man who they believe is worthy enough to be noted in history to some degree. The first account of Charlemagnes life was by his courtier, Einhard, who thought it would be a tragedy if history forgot such a noble ruler. Furthermore, not only does he believe that it should be him to write about Charlemagnes life, but only him. He†¦show more content†¦He treated her with every respect and never had a cross word with her, He treated her with the same respect which he showed his mother (pg. 74, Einhard). He, Einhard, also gives attention to the intimacy of Charlemagne. He refers to several times that the emperor was b rought to tears whenever one of his children died or when Pope Hadrian had died. It is most evident that Einhard knows the person he is writing about extremely well and he himself is a primary source to Charlemagne. The style that Notker is identified with is somewhat of a fairy-tale like rhythm. His writing is filled with random stories that at times have nothing to do with Charlemagnes life. He even goes to admit that they do not. Since the occasion has offered itself, although indeed they have nothing to do with my subject matter, it does not seem to be a bad ideaÂ… (pg. 115, Notker). The ones that do have a hint of Charlemagnes life have very little or no influence the view of his life. The majority of his writing seems to be a composition of stories that he was told by other people. His stories always seem to start out like a fairy-tale. They begin with things like At this point I must tell you a story or On another occasion. He admits that he has never even been to the land of the Franks, just heard stories. I am a lazy man myself, more sluggish than a tortoise, and I have never traveled to the land of the FranksÂ… (pg.Show MoreRelatedThe Two Lives of Charlemagne Essay708 Words   |  3 Pages The two lives of Charlemagne as told by Einhard and Notker are two medieval sources about the accounts of the life Charlemagne. Modern sources by Matthew Innes and Rosamond Mckitterick discuss how history was recorded during the medieval period and how it was suppose to be viewed in the early ages. Observing each of these sources helps get an understanding of how the writing of history is important in recorded history and how it affected how the history of Charlemagne was recorded. Read MoreThe Countless Lives of Charlemagne Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pagesfamous work about Charlemagne is a book entitled The Two Lives of Charlemagne which consists of two separate biographies published into one book and tells the story of Charlemagnes life as two different people experienced it. Apart from this, there are many other places you can turn to learn more about the life of the king of the Franks, including letters, capitularies, inventories, annals, and more. However, each of these sources seem to paint a different picture of Charlemagne. In one, he seemsRead MoreStyles of Historiography: Herodotus vs Einhard940 Words   |  4 Pagesin two completely different styles. Einhard’s style is about giving specific details, while Herodotus’s style is about giving his own personal opinions and information that he has from secondary sources. The biggest effect of the difference amongst the two historian’s style of writing is the fact that Einhardâ€⠄¢s history of Charlemagne’s life gives information that makes it seem as if the events were realistic, while some of the events that Herodotus talks about seem conjured. The Two Lives ofRead More Charlemagne Essay938 Words   |  4 Pages After reading two versions of â€Å"The Life of Charlemagne†, one written by a person who lived with Charlemagne, and one who didn’t, it is evident that Charlemagne is portrayed in a negative way by the author, the Monk of St. Gall, and in a positive way by Einhard. Einhard was very close to Charlemagne. He lived at the same time and with Charlemagne himself. His version of â€Å"The Life of Charlemagne† was writing right after his death. The Monk of St. Gall wrote his version more than 70 years after Charlemagne’sRead MoreThe Life Of Charlemagne By The Frankish Scholar Einhard1227 Words   |  5 PagesThe Life of Charlemagne, written by the Frankish scholar Einhard, is a biography on the personal life and achievements of Charlemagne, a ruler of the Franks and the king of Italy. He ruled from 774-800. Einhard, a male Frankish scholar, was born to noble parents in the Main Valley, around 770 A.D. He was educated in the monastery of Fulda, and shortly after sent to the palace school of Charlemagne in Aachen. Eventually becoming a personal adviser and a close friend to the king of the Franks, he influencedRead MoreThe Life Of Charlemagne By Einhard965 Words   |  4 PagesThe Life of Charlemagne is an edited version from the original book Two Lives of Charlemagne. The author of the original biography is Einhard, who was his close friend and younger contemporary. He wrote this biography, after his death in 814 CE to honor Charlemagne and his contributions to the Frankish dynasty. In the historical context Charlemagne is believed to have contributed largely in flourishing the Carolingian Empire. In the book, The Life of Charlemagne, Einhard describes Charlemagne’s personalRead MoreCharlemagne by the Sword and the Cross Essay880 Words   |  4 PagesCharlemagne by the Sword and the Cross By the sword and the cross, Charlemagne became master of Western Europe. It was falling into decay when Charlemagne became joint king of the Franks in 768. Except in the monasteries, people had all but forgotten education and the arts. Boldly Charlemagne conquered barbarians and kings alike. By restoring the roots of learning and order, he preserved many political rights and revived culture. Charlemagnes grandfather was Charles Martel, the warriorRead MoreReligious Conflicts in The Song of Roland1326 Words   |  5 PagesChristians and Muslims in 778 A.D. In it, Charlemagne and his men, weary in their seventh year of battle against pagan forces in Spain, have captured every heathen stronghold but the kingdom of Saragossa, held by the Muslim king Marsile. Terrified of the might of Charlemagne’s army, Marsile promises treasures, hostages and his conversion to Christianity if the Franks will go back to France. However, Marsile has no intention of surrendering and wants only for Charlemagne to end his siege of the city and getRead MoreCharlemagne : The Kingdom Of The Dark Ages1100 Words   |  5 Pagesfourth century of the Dark Ages. Charlemagne was determined to unite and christianize the Germanic kingdoms of Europe. He lived in a time in which the Germanic groups who inhabited Europe remained disorganized and had no central authority (Ann 1). Through many battles and years of war, he reached his destination of unifying Europe. Charlemagne deserves the title â€Å"Father of Europe† after he unified his kingdom and set a precedent for his successors. Charlemagne inherited the throne with his brotherRead MoreCharlemagne And The Carolingian Renaissance1677 Words   |  7 PagesNaomi Spiegelman Professor Rui de Sousa Medieval Civilization - Section 01 27 September 2017 Charlemagne and the Carolingian Renaissance The Carolingian Empire was not at full fruition when Charlemagne rose to power, it was quite the contrary. In the eighth century, the lands covered by what is now known as France and Belgium, as well as part of Germany made up the Frankish state ruled by the kings of the Merovingian line. The Merovingian empire was weak and in a steady decline; the majority of

Two Lives of Charlemagne - 1525 Words

Book Review of Two Lives of Charlemagne After having read both versions of the life of Charlemagne there is no doubt that they differ greatly in the sense of style, audience, and emotion. By reading these two descriptions of Charlemagnes life we are able to decipher somewhat of the life he led as a shaper of early medieval European history. However, both of these versions possess the admiration of a noble man who they believe is worthy enough to be noted in history to some degree. The first account of Charlemagnes life was by his courtier, Einhard, who thought it would be a tragedy if history forgot such a noble ruler. Furthermore, not only does he believe that it should be him to write about Charlemagnes life, but only him. He†¦show more content†¦He treated her with every respect and never had a cross word with her, He treated her with the same respect which he showed his mother (pg. 74, Einhard). He, Einhard, also gives attention to the intimacy of Charlemagne. He refers to several times that the emperor was b rought to tears whenever one of his children died or when Pope Hadrian had died. It is most evident that Einhard knows the person he is writing about extremely well and he himself is a primary source to Charlemagne. The style that Notker is identified with is somewhat of a fairy-tale like rhythm. His writing is filled with random stories that at times have nothing to do with Charlemagnes life. He even goes to admit that they do not. Since the occasion has offered itself, although indeed they have nothing to do with my subject matter, it does not seem to be a bad ideaÂ… (pg. 115, Notker). The ones that do have a hint of Charlemagnes life have very little or no influence the view of his life. The majority of his writing seems to be a composition of stories that he was told by other people. His stories always seem to start out like a fairy-tale. They begin with things like At this point I must tell you a story or On another occasion. He admits that he has never even been to the land of the Franks, just heard stories. I am a lazy man myself, more sluggish than a tortoise, and I have never traveled to the land of the FranksÂ… (pg.Show MoreRelatedThe Two Lives of Charlemagne Essay708 Words   |  3 Pages The two lives of Charlemagne as told by Einhard and Notker are two medieval sources about the accounts of the life Charlemagne. Modern sources by Matthew Innes and Rosamond Mckitterick discuss how history was recorded during the medieval period and how it was suppose to be viewed in the early ages. Observing each of these sources helps get an understanding of how the writing of history is important in recorded history and how it affected how the history of Charlemagne was recorded. Read MoreThe Countless Lives of Charlemagne Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pagesfamous work about Charlemagne is a book entitled The Two Lives of Charlemagne which consists of two separate biographies published into one book and tells the story of Charlemagnes life as two different people experienced it. Apart from this, there are many other places you can turn to learn more about the life of the king of the Franks, including letters, capitularies, inventories, annals, and more. However, each of these sources seem to paint a different picture of Charlemagne. In one, he seemsRead MoreStyles of Historiography: Herodotus vs Einhard940 Words   |  4 Pagesin two completely different styles. Einhard’s style is about giving specific details, while Herodotus’s style is about giving his own personal opinions and information that he has from secondary sources. The biggest effect of the difference amongst the two historian’s style of writing is the fact that Einhardâ€⠄¢s history of Charlemagne’s life gives information that makes it seem as if the events were realistic, while some of the events that Herodotus talks about seem conjured. The Two Lives ofRead More Charlemagne Essay938 Words   |  4 Pages After reading two versions of â€Å"The Life of Charlemagne†, one written by a person who lived with Charlemagne, and one who didn’t, it is evident that Charlemagne is portrayed in a negative way by the author, the Monk of St. Gall, and in a positive way by Einhard. Einhard was very close to Charlemagne. He lived at the same time and with Charlemagne himself. His version of â€Å"The Life of Charlemagne† was writing right after his death. The Monk of St. Gall wrote his version more than 70 years after Charlemagne’sRead MoreThe Life Of Charlemagne By The Frankish Scholar Einhard1227 Words   |  5 PagesThe Life of Charlemagne, written by the Frankish scholar Einhard, is a biography on the personal life and achievements of Charlemagne, a ruler of the Franks and the king of Italy. He ruled from 774-800. Einhard, a male Frankish scholar, was born to noble parents in the Main Valley, around 770 A.D. He was educated in the monastery of Fulda, and shortly after sent to the palace school of Charlemagne in Aachen. Eventually becoming a personal adviser and a close friend to the king of the Franks, he influencedRead MoreThe Life Of Charlemagne By Einhard965 Words   |  4 PagesThe Life of Charlemagne is an edited version from the original book Two Lives of Charlemagne. The author of the original biography is Einhard, who was his close friend and younger contemporary. He wrote this biography, after his death in 814 CE to honor Charlemagne and his contributions to the Frankish dynasty. In the historical context Charlemagne is believed to have contributed largely in flourishing the Carolingian Empire. In the book, The Life of Charlemagne, Einhard describes Charlemagne’s personalRead MoreCharlemagne by the Sword and the Cross Essay880 Words   |  4 PagesCharlemagne by the Sword and the Cross By the sword and the cross, Charlemagne became master of Western Europe. It was falling into decay when Charlemagne became joint king of the Franks in 768. Except in the monasteries, people had all but forgotten education and the arts. Boldly Charlemagne conquered barbarians and kings alike. By restoring the roots of learning and order, he preserved many political rights and revived culture. Charlemagnes grandfather was Charles Martel, the warriorRead MoreReligious Conflicts in The Song of Roland1326 Words   |  5 PagesChristians and Muslims in 778 A.D. In it, Charlemagne and his men, weary in their seventh year of battle against pagan forces in Spain, have captured every heathen stronghold but the kingdom of Saragossa, held by the Muslim king Marsile. Terrified of the might of Charlemagne’s army, Marsile promises treasures, hostages and his conversion to Christianity if the Franks will go back to France. However, Marsile has no intention of surrendering and wants only for Charlemagne to end his siege of the city and getRead MoreCharlemagne : The Kingdom Of The Dark Ages1100 Words   |  5 Pagesfourth century of the Dark Ages. Charlemagne was determined to unite and christianize the Germanic kingdoms of Europe. He lived in a time in which the Germanic groups who inhabited Europe remained disorganized and had no central authority (Ann 1). Through many battles and years of war, he reached his destination of unifying Europe. Charlemagne deserves the title â€Å"Father of Europe† after he unified his kingdom and set a precedent for his successors. Charlemagne inherited the throne with his brotherRead MoreCharlemagne And The Carolingian Renaissance1677 Words   |  7 PagesNaomi Spiegelman Professor Rui de Sousa Medieval Civilization - Section 01 27 September 2017 Charlemagne and the Carolingian Renaissance The Carolingian Empire was not at full fruition when Charlemagne rose to power, it was quite the contrary. In the eighth century, the lands covered by what is now known as France and Belgium, as well as part of Germany made up the Frankish state ruled by the kings of the Merovingian line. The Merovingian empire was weak and in a steady decline; the majority of

Two Lives of Charlemagne - 1525 Words

Book Review of Two Lives of Charlemagne After having read both versions of the life of Charlemagne there is no doubt that they differ greatly in the sense of style, audience, and emotion. By reading these two descriptions of Charlemagnes life we are able to decipher somewhat of the life he led as a shaper of early medieval European history. However, both of these versions possess the admiration of a noble man who they believe is worthy enough to be noted in history to some degree. The first account of Charlemagnes life was by his courtier, Einhard, who thought it would be a tragedy if history forgot such a noble ruler. Furthermore, not only does he believe that it should be him to write about Charlemagnes life, but only him. He†¦show more content†¦He treated her with every respect and never had a cross word with her, He treated her with the same respect which he showed his mother (pg. 74, Einhard). He, Einhard, also gives attention to the intimacy of Charlemagne. He refers to several times that the emperor was b rought to tears whenever one of his children died or when Pope Hadrian had died. It is most evident that Einhard knows the person he is writing about extremely well and he himself is a primary source to Charlemagne. The style that Notker is identified with is somewhat of a fairy-tale like rhythm. His writing is filled with random stories that at times have nothing to do with Charlemagnes life. He even goes to admit that they do not. Since the occasion has offered itself, although indeed they have nothing to do with my subject matter, it does not seem to be a bad ideaÂ… (pg. 115, Notker). The ones that do have a hint of Charlemagnes life have very little or no influence the view of his life. The majority of his writing seems to be a composition of stories that he was told by other people. His stories always seem to start out like a fairy-tale. They begin with things like At this point I must tell you a story or On another occasion. He admits that he has never even been to the land of the Franks, just heard stories. I am a lazy man myself, more sluggish than a tortoise, and I have never traveled to the land of the FranksÂ… (pg.Show MoreRelatedThe Two Lives of Charlemagne Essay708 Words   |  3 Pages The two lives of Charlemagne as told by Einhard and Notker are two medieval sources about the accounts of the life Charlemagne. Modern sources by Matthew Innes and Rosamond Mckitterick discuss how history was recorded during the medieval period and how it was suppose to be viewed in the early ages. Observing each of these sources helps get an understanding of how the writing of history is important in recorded history and how it affected how the history of Charlemagne was recorded. Read MoreThe Countless Lives of Charlemagne Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pagesfamous work about Charlemagne is a book entitled The Two Lives of Charlemagne which consists of two separate biographies published into one book and tells the story of Charlemagnes life as two different people experienced it. Apart from this, there are many other places you can turn to learn more about the life of the king of the Franks, including letters, capitularies, inventories, annals, and more. However, each of these sources seem to paint a different picture of Charlemagne. In one, he seemsRead MoreStyles of Historiography: Herodotus vs Einhard940 Words   |  4 Pagesin two completely different styles. Einhard’s style is about giving specific details, while Herodotus’s style is about giving his own personal opinions and information that he has from secondary sources. The biggest effect of the difference amongst the two historian’s style of writing is the fact that Einhardâ€⠄¢s history of Charlemagne’s life gives information that makes it seem as if the events were realistic, while some of the events that Herodotus talks about seem conjured. The Two Lives ofRead More Charlemagne Essay938 Words   |  4 Pages After reading two versions of â€Å"The Life of Charlemagne†, one written by a person who lived with Charlemagne, and one who didn’t, it is evident that Charlemagne is portrayed in a negative way by the author, the Monk of St. Gall, and in a positive way by Einhard. Einhard was very close to Charlemagne. He lived at the same time and with Charlemagne himself. His version of â€Å"The Life of Charlemagne† was writing right after his death. The Monk of St. Gall wrote his version more than 70 years after Charlemagne’sRead MoreThe Life Of Charlemagne By The Frankish Scholar Einhard1227 Words   |  5 PagesThe Life of Charlemagne, written by the Frankish scholar Einhard, is a biography on the personal life and achievements of Charlemagne, a ruler of the Franks and the king of Italy. He ruled from 774-800. Einhard, a male Frankish scholar, was born to noble parents in the Main Valley, around 770 A.D. He was educated in the monastery of Fulda, and shortly after sent to the palace school of Charlemagne in Aachen. Eventually becoming a personal adviser and a close friend to the king of the Franks, he influencedRead MoreThe Life Of Charlemagne By Einhard965 Words   |  4 PagesThe Life of Charlemagne is an edited version from the original book Two Lives of Charlemagne. The author of the original biography is Einhard, who was his close friend and younger contemporary. He wrote this biography, after his death in 814 CE to honor Charlemagne and his contributions to the Frankish dynasty. In the historical context Charlemagne is believed to have contributed largely in flourishing the Carolingian Empire. In the book, The Life of Charlemagne, Einhard describes Charlemagne’s personalRead MoreCharlemagne by the Sword and the Cross Essay880 Words   |  4 PagesCharlemagne by the Sword and the Cross By the sword and the cross, Charlemagne became master of Western Europe. It was falling into decay when Charlemagne became joint king of the Franks in 768. Except in the monasteries, people had all but forgotten education and the arts. Boldly Charlemagne conquered barbarians and kings alike. By restoring the roots of learning and order, he preserved many political rights and revived culture. Charlemagnes grandfather was Charles Martel, the warriorRead MoreReligious Conflicts in The Song of Roland1326 Words   |  5 PagesChristians and Muslims in 778 A.D. In it, Charlemagne and his men, weary in their seventh year of battle against pagan forces in Spain, have captured every heathen stronghold but the kingdom of Saragossa, held by the Muslim king Marsile. Terrified of the might of Charlemagne’s army, Marsile promises treasures, hostages and his conversion to Christianity if the Franks will go back to France. However, Marsile has no intention of surrendering and wants only for Charlemagne to end his siege of the city and getRead MoreCharlemagne : The Kingdom Of The Dark Ages1100 Words   |  5 Pagesfourth century of the Dark Ages. Charlemagne was determined to unite and christianize the Germanic kingdoms of Europe. He lived in a time in which the Germanic groups who inhabited Europe remained disorganized and had no central authority (Ann 1). Through many battles and years of war, he reached his destination of unifying Europe. Charlemagne deserves the title â€Å"Father of Europe† after he unified his kingdom and set a precedent for his successors. Charlemagne inherited the throne with his brotherRead MoreCharlemagne And The Carolingian Renaissance1677 Words   |  7 PagesNaomi Spiegelman Professor Rui de Sousa Medieval Civilization - Section 01 27 September 2017 Charlemagne and the Carolingian Renaissance The Carolingian Empire was not at full fruition when Charlemagne rose to power, it was quite the contrary. In the eighth century, the lands covered by what is now known as France and Belgium, as well as part of Germany made up the Frankish state ruled by the kings of the Merovingian line. The Merovingian empire was weak and in a steady decline; the majority of

Two Lives of Charlemagne - 1525 Words

Book Review of Two Lives of Charlemagne After having read both versions of the life of Charlemagne there is no doubt that they differ greatly in the sense of style, audience, and emotion. By reading these two descriptions of Charlemagnes life we are able to decipher somewhat of the life he led as a shaper of early medieval European history. However, both of these versions possess the admiration of a noble man who they believe is worthy enough to be noted in history to some degree. The first account of Charlemagnes life was by his courtier, Einhard, who thought it would be a tragedy if history forgot such a noble ruler. Furthermore, not only does he believe that it should be him to write about Charlemagnes life, but only him. He†¦show more content†¦He treated her with every respect and never had a cross word with her, He treated her with the same respect which he showed his mother (pg. 74, Einhard). He, Einhard, also gives attention to the intimacy of Charlemagne. He refers to several times that the emperor was b rought to tears whenever one of his children died or when Pope Hadrian had died. It is most evident that Einhard knows the person he is writing about extremely well and he himself is a primary source to Charlemagne. The style that Notker is identified with is somewhat of a fairy-tale like rhythm. His writing is filled with random stories that at times have nothing to do with Charlemagnes life. He even goes to admit that they do not. Since the occasion has offered itself, although indeed they have nothing to do with my subject matter, it does not seem to be a bad ideaÂ… (pg. 115, Notker). The ones that do have a hint of Charlemagnes life have very little or no influence the view of his life. The majority of his writing seems to be a composition of stories that he was told by other people. His stories always seem to start out like a fairy-tale. They begin with things like At this point I must tell you a story or On another occasion. He admits that he has never even been to the land of the Franks, just heard stories. I am a lazy man myself, more sluggish than a tortoise, and I have never traveled to the land of the FranksÂ… (pg.Show MoreRelatedThe Two Lives of Charlemagne Essay708 Words   |  3 Pages The two lives of Charlemagne as told by Einhard and Notker are two medieval sources about the accounts of the life Charlemagne. Modern sources by Matthew Innes and Rosamond Mckitterick discuss how history was recorded during the medieval period and how it was suppose to be viewed in the early ages. Observing each of these sources helps get an understanding of how the writing of history is important in recorded history and how it affected how the history of Charlemagne was recorded. Read MoreThe Countless Lives of Charlemagne Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pagesfamous work about Charlemagne is a book entitled The Two Lives of Charlemagne which consists of two separate biographies published into one book and tells the story of Charlemagnes life as two different people experienced it. Apart from this, there are many other places you can turn to learn more about the life of the king of the Franks, including letters, capitularies, inventories, annals, and more. However, each of these sources seem to paint a different picture of Charlemagne. In one, he seemsRead MoreStyles of Historiography: Herodotus vs Einhard940 Words   |  4 Pagesin two completely different styles. Einhard’s style is about giving specific details, while Herodotus’s style is about giving his own personal opinions and information that he has from secondary sources. The biggest effect of the difference amongst the two historian’s style of writing is the fact that Einhardâ€⠄¢s history of Charlemagne’s life gives information that makes it seem as if the events were realistic, while some of the events that Herodotus talks about seem conjured. The Two Lives ofRead More Charlemagne Essay938 Words   |  4 Pages After reading two versions of â€Å"The Life of Charlemagne†, one written by a person who lived with Charlemagne, and one who didn’t, it is evident that Charlemagne is portrayed in a negative way by the author, the Monk of St. Gall, and in a positive way by Einhard. Einhard was very close to Charlemagne. He lived at the same time and with Charlemagne himself. His version of â€Å"The Life of Charlemagne† was writing right after his death. The Monk of St. Gall wrote his version more than 70 years after Charlemagne’sRead MoreThe Life Of Charlemagne By The Frankish Scholar Einhard1227 Words   |  5 PagesThe Life of Charlemagne, written by the Frankish scholar Einhard, is a biography on the personal life and achievements of Charlemagne, a ruler of the Franks and the king of Italy. He ruled from 774-800. Einhard, a male Frankish scholar, was born to noble parents in the Main Valley, around 770 A.D. He was educated in the monastery of Fulda, and shortly after sent to the palace school of Charlemagne in Aachen. Eventually becoming a personal adviser and a close friend to the king of the Franks, he influencedRead MoreThe Life Of Charlemagne By Einhard965 Words   |  4 PagesThe Life of Charlemagne is an edited version from the original book Two Lives of Charlemagne. The author of the original biography is Einhard, who was his close friend and younger contemporary. He wrote this biography, after his death in 814 CE to honor Charlemagne and his contributions to the Frankish dynasty. In the historical context Charlemagne is believed to have contributed largely in flourishing the Carolingian Empire. In the book, The Life of Charlemagne, Einhard describes Charlemagne’s personalRead MoreCharlemagne by the Sword and the Cross Essay880 Words   |  4 PagesCharlemagne by the Sword and the Cross By the sword and the cross, Charlemagne became master of Western Europe. It was falling into decay when Charlemagne became joint king of the Franks in 768. Except in the monasteries, people had all but forgotten education and the arts. Boldly Charlemagne conquered barbarians and kings alike. By restoring the roots of learning and order, he preserved many political rights and revived culture. Charlemagnes grandfather was Charles Martel, the warriorRead MoreReligious Conflicts in The Song of Roland1326 Words   |  5 PagesChristians and Muslims in 778 A.D. In it, Charlemagne and his men, weary in their seventh year of battle against pagan forces in Spain, have captured every heathen stronghold but the kingdom of Saragossa, held by the Muslim king Marsile. Terrified of the might of Charlemagne’s army, Marsile promises treasures, hostages and his conversion to Christianity if the Franks will go back to France. However, Marsile has no intention of surrendering and wants only for Charlemagne to end his siege of the city and getRead MoreCharlemagne : The Kingdom Of The Dark Ages1100 Words   |  5 Pagesfourth century of the Dark Ages. Charlemagne was determined to unite and christianize the Germanic kingdoms of Europe. He lived in a time in which the Germanic groups who inhabited Europe remained disorganized and had no central authority (Ann 1). Through many battles and years of war, he reached his destination of unifying Europe. Charlemagne deserves the title â€Å"Father of Europe† after he unified his kingdom and set a precedent for his successors. Charlemagne inherited the throne with his brotherRead MoreCharlemagne And The Carolingian Renaissance1677 Words   |  7 PagesNaomi Spiegelman Professor Rui de Sousa Medieval Civilization - Section 01 27 September 2017 Charlemagne and the Carolingian Renaissance The Carolingian Empire was not at full fruition when Charlemagne rose to power, it was quite the contrary. In the eighth century, the lands covered by what is now known as France and Belgium, as well as part of Germany made up the Frankish state ruled by the kings of the Merovingian line. The Merovingian empire was weak and in a steady decline; the majority of

Socs315 Week 5 You Decide Essay - 1089 Words

The Disagreement: Lenora and Joshua When you are in a relationship, arguments or disagreements can arise. They can often trigger strong emotions that lead to hurtful words and uneasiness. If these conflicts are not resolved in a healthy way, resentment and a dissolved relationship could follow. However, when they are resolved in a proper manner, it could promote growth between the couple and fortify the bonds of their relationship (Conflict Resolution Skills). In the case between Lenora and Joshua, they are having a disagreement about Lenora returning to the workforce, now, when Christa is only 3 months old instead of waiting until Christa is 5 years old. To handle this situation properly, there are ten guidelines that can assist†¦show more content†¦Joshua must understand that Christa’s needs are not just Lenora’s responsibility. His participation is detrimental towards the development of their child. Guideline 4: Avoid Mixed, of Double Messages Leonora needs to mitigate criticizing Joshua on how his income doesn’t cover the monthly expenses. She should demonstrate that if she returned to work, the financial burden would be reduced. Joshua’s perspective on day care should be emphasized because it will produce an unnecessary expense. Furthermore, a large part of their income would result in the consumption of day care. Guideline 5: When You Can, Choose the Time and Place Carefully Lenora and Joshua should set time aside to discuss their conflict instead of randomly arguing over the same issues. By doing this, it gives each other time to put thoughts together instead of saying something that they don’t mean or is derogatory. Guideline 6: Address a Specific Issue, Ask for a Specific Change, and Be Open to Compromise Lenora needs to express her desire to go back to work because it will benefit both Christa and the family. But at the same time, Lenora should consider the affect it will have on her when she goes back to work. Maybe the solution could be to compromise with Joshua, to stay at home for one more year, to nurture Christa. Joshua should sympathize with her desire to go back to work for the positive effects it will have on the family’s welfare. He should analyze the

LLN Skills for Adult Teaching and Learning- myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about theLLN Skills for Adult Teaching and Learning. Answer: The LLN training programs and strategies in work environments are fruitful in drawing in students who might not generally take an interest in the programs that are designed to teach a specific aspect. These students enhance their states of mind to taking in, their LLN and working environment rehearses, and their employability aptitudes (Black and Yasukawa, 2013). Projects work best when the businesses comprehend what proficiency and numeracy are and are intrigued and strong, and the LLN abilities are instructed in connection with the LLN requests of the occupation, which are made clear to students. Whereas one can easily find out a constrained confirmation about the association between capability (expanded aptitudes) and investment, there is a solid association amongst support and changed proficiency and numeracy rehearses that prompt expanded learning, abilities and inspiration (Appleby and Barton, 2008). In this manner, there is a need to create measures of hone that can be utilize d nearby the measures of capability to completely find out the results for students. At the focal point of the operations to fortify education and numeracy in grown-ups and increment the quantity of learning openings has been the improvement of the inserted approach (Casey et al., 2006). This implies incorporating proficiency and numeracy into programs in an open and straightforward manner. There are several aspects which determine the level of skills to enhance adult LLN. Cooperation amongst educational proficiency, ESOL, numeracy instructors, and professional instructors where a solitary educator is made a request to take double obligation regarding educating professional abilities and LLN, students might be more averse to succeed (Edwards and Miller, 2008). Also, staff understandings, qualities and convictions uplifting demeanors towards the students and the topic has any kind of effect. The various parts of educating and discovering that interface proficiency, ESOL and numeracy to professional substance; and the approaches and authoritative elements at the institutional level, for example, bolster from senior administration, implies that assets can be coordinated as per the inserted programs (Hegarty and Feeley, 2009). Besides, in the situations where LLN aptitudes are implanted in courses, there were more positive results than in courses in which these abilities w ere dealt with independently; and there is a positive effect on maintenance, accomplishment and achievement rates, especially more elevated amounts, and achievement rates may be higher in inserted than in non-installed courses (Ivanic et al., 2009). The greater levels of consistency standards can be credited to two components, Firstly, inserting proficiency, ESOL and numeracy abilities in professional projects may lessen the shame related to these ranges; and furthermore, showing LLN inside projects may empower the students to adapt all the more successfully to the substance of the course (Latham, 2010). Learning in working environments draws in the individuals who might not something else take part in adapting, especially men and ESOL students. Of those on programs, many believe that they could carry out their employments better, and a huge number of individuals might change their state of mind towards training as well as preparing (McKenna andFitzpatrick, 2005). Work environment learning for disciples recommends that there necessities to be a blend of implanted and discrete LLN arrangement. There is a gap amongst ESOL and education instructing, yet the exploration demonstrates that educators should be sure about the two territories (Roberts et al., 2005). Inserting numeracy into programs better connects with students around there as they are probably going to have diverse inspirations for education and ESOL than they have for numeracy (Shomos, 2010). The best arrangement might happen where it is conveyed inside professional projects instead of as a different alternative. More promi nent achievement can be found in programs where a numeracy pro upheld the professional instructor to design and convey sessions. Where numeracy was coordinated into professional projects, students gained great ground in building up the specialized numeracy aptitudes required for their professional capability and related business (Wickert et al., 2007). The students in fruitful projects might say that they have perceived how numeracy identified with their employments and regular day to day existences and was persuaded to put the exertion into something they had beforehand maintained a strategic distance from. The young and grown-ups don't know that numeracy is a precondition for accomplishing capabilities and employments and enhancing individual lives, so more should be done to raise this mindfulness (Fletcher et al., 2010). In order to receive, maintain and perform well in work, the laborers require a comprehension of the path in which their perusing, composing, talking and tuning i n, and numeracy abilities add to the occupation (Ivanic et al., 2009). Each unit of competency in a Training bundle now incorporates a Foundation Skills area. This area can be utilized to depict the LLN and business aptitudes basic to execution, alongside portrayals of how every expertise is connected with regards to the unit. The depictions identifying with work aptitudes will frequently allude to abilities that require a particular use of LLN aptitudes. In other words, there are different features of business aptitudes which regularly incorporate LLN contents. For instance, the collaboration abilities may include watchful tuning in to other colleagues to find out about deals data and methodologies for specific items and administrations (Hazlewood and Alkema, 2013). Work aptitudes portray expansive supporting abilities that people require with a specific end goal to pick up business, advance in business and to create both by and by and professionally. These aptitudes sit close by s pecialized and work particular abilities. There are a few administration related aptitudes that incorporate activity and undertaking abilities that add to inventive results, arranging and sorting out aptitudes that add to long haul and here and now key arranging, critical thinking aptitudes that add to beneficial results, self-administration aptitudes that add to worker fulfillment and development, cooperation abilities that add to gainful working connections and results, innovation abilities that add to the viable execution of errands (Marr and Hagston, 2007). Center abilities for work are additionally utilized by some to portray an arrangement of non-specialized aptitudes, learning, and understandings that support effective interest in work. These aptitudes are regularly alluded to as nonexclusive or business abilities and are portrayed in three expertise groups that incorporate exploring the universe of work, connecting with others, and completing the work (Appleby and Barton, 20 08). There are various ability territories in those three aptitude groups, which together speak to the information, comprehension, and abilities somebody would need to work. Dialect, education and numeracy ability is a fundamental factor supporting every one of these aptitudes. Distinctive mixes of LLN aptitudes are required, contingent upon the business and employment assignment. One of the most popularly utilized tools for assessing LLN skills is the self-assessment tool in which the participants need to mark their abilities and skills on a specified range. However, there is a provision to make use of the recommended benchmarks in order to assess and appropriately evaluate if the employees or the learners have met the standards (Black and Yasukawa, 2013). Thus, the evaluation would also help in identifying the aspects that would be required for enhancing the level of LLN skills in the selected population. For the trainers to give instructions on developing important aptitudes to students that outcome in powerful specialists, there has been a push to make a more significant quality preparing conveyance framework. Since the LLN abilities are so vital to work environment execution, they have been made a necessary piece of industry capabilities. Mentors who convey professional preparing should know about implicit LLN inside these abilities and address LLN inside their preparation and evaluation hone (Casey et al., 2006). The way toward comprehension the pertinent LLN for each preparation bundle or certify course through point by point investigation includes finding the applicable LLN and deciding the levels of multifaceted nature for the LLN (Hegarty and Feeley, 2009). In this regard, all of these aspects need to be considered while assessing the LLN skills. The current study has attempted to evaluate the LLN skills of a learner group comprising of 8 individuals. The individuals were asked to fill up the self-assessment forms so that the researcher could develop a critical understanding of what the learners think about their own abilities. In this regard, it was observed that most of the learners marked their abilities high with regards to the aspect of literacy. When they were tested regarding their capacity to read and utilize the written data as well as the capacity to write down information, it was observed that the self-assessment values were appropriate as their skills were really excellent. As a LLN learner needs to develop high skills for literacy, these capacities suggested that the learner group met the requirements extremely well. Furthermore, the group also suggested that they had excellent language skills. As per the LLN skills are concerned, the language skill refers to an individual's ability to thoroughly communicate in w ritten and verbal manner. However, when their skills were tested, it was observed that although the group members were potentially good in communicating through written medium, they had low skills regarding oral communication. The absence of confidence, nervousness, inability to appropriately address different aspects through oral communication, and a low level of language usage capacity might lead to such problems. Furthermore, it was also observed that the participants marked their numeracy abilities on a high range. But as the members were assessed as per their actual skills, it was observed that most of the individuals needed to be more trained in order to develop mathematical skills to solve numerical problems more comprehensively, properly, and rapidly. It can be suggested that the LLN trainers for the learner group need to focus on a number of aspects. Firstly, they need to adopt more efficient skill development strategies and teaching approaches in order to make sure that the learners can receive the conveyed information more efficiently. Furthermore, there is need for developing a broader range of course materials and contents which can help the learners to identify the need for using the language properly and communicating through the oral medium. In this context, the learners need to also contribute to the training by assessing their needs and addressing the requirements in training sessions. Moreover, the trainers also need to evolve the contents for numerical skill development as there is a huge requirement for this. In this context, there should be different contents for diverse learner groups as per their proximal skills and ability. This would help the trainers to address the issues more exclusively. The learners will also be able to discuss and resolve their issues with greater opportunities. Therefore, these recommendations should be properly addressed in order to generate better outcomes. References Appleby,Y.andBarton,D.(2008).Responding to peoples lives: Developing adult teaching and learning: Practitioner guides. Leicester:National Institute of Adult Continuing Education. Black, S. and Yasukawa, K. (2013). Beyond deficit models for integrating language, literacy and numeracy in Australian VET.Journal of Further and Higher Education, 37(4), pp.574-590. Casey,H.,Olga,C.,Eldred,J.,Grief,S.,Hodge,R.,Ivanic,R.,Jupp,T.,Lopez,D.andMcNeil,B. (2006).You wouldnt expect a maths teacher to teach plastering: Embedding literacy and language in post 16 vocational programmes the impact on learning and achievement.London:National Research and Development Centre for Adult Literacy and Numeracy. Edwards,R.andMiller,K.(2008).Academic drift in vocational qualifications? Explorations through the lens of literacy.Journal of Vocational Education and Training, 60(2):123131. Fletcher, J., Nicholas, K., and Davis, N. (2010). Supporting adults to address their literacy needs using e-learning. Journal of Open, Flexible and Distance Learning, 15(1), pp.1729. Hazlewood, K. and Alkema, A. (2013). Literacy and numeracy professional development: Research findings. Wellington: Tertiary Education Commission. Hegarty,A.andFeeley,M.(2009).Literacy-friendly further education and training: An exploration of the potential for a whole organisation approach to integrating language and literacy in further education and training in Ireland.Dublin:National Adult Literacy Agency. Ivanic,R.,Edwards,R.,Barton,D.,Martin-Jones,M., Fowler,Z., Hughes,B., Mannion,G., Miller,K., Satchwell,C. andSmith,J.(2009).Improving learning in college: Rethinking literacies across the curriculum.London:Routledge. Latham,T.(2010). Embedding literacy. InHughes,N.andSchwab,I.(eds.), Teaching adult literacy: Principles and practice(pp. 344364).Maidenhead:Open University Press. Marr, B. and Hagston, J. (2007). Thinking beyond numbers: Learning numeracy for the future workplace. Adelaide: National Centre for Vocational Education and Research. McKenna,R.andFitzpatrick,L.(2005).Integrated approaches to teaching adult literacy in Australia: A snapshot of practice in community services.Adelaide:National Centre for Vocational Education Research. Roberts,C.,Baynham,M.,Shrubshal,P.,Brittan,J.,Cooper,B.,Gidley,N.,Windsor,V.,Eldred,J.,Grief,S.,Castillino,C.andWalsh,M.(2005).Embedded teaching and learning of adult literacy, numeracy and ESOL: Seven case studies. London:National Research and Development Centre for Adult Literacy and Numeracy. Shomos,A.(2010).Links between literacy and numeracy skills and labour market outcomes. Melbourne:Productivity Commission. Wickert,R.,Searle,J.,Marr,B.andJohnston,B.(2007).Opportunities, transitions, and risks: Perspectives on adult literacy and numeracy development in Australia.Review of Adult Learning and Literacy, 7, pp.245284.

Nitrosyl Complexes Preparation Essay Example

Nitrosyl Complexes: Preparation Essay The aims of this experiment are as followed: 1) To distinguish between the linear and bent coordination and draw possible metal to NO coordination modes. 2) To form the product [NiBr (NO) (PPh3)2] and provide a balanced equation for the product. 3) To record the melting point, weight and infra-red spectrum of the product. Assign the band in the infra-red that is due to NO group. Calculate the percentage yield 4) To assign the oxidation state to the metal in the nitroxide complex [NiBr(NO)(PPh3)2] 5) To suggest a method for distinguish between possible square planar and tetrahedral coordination of [NiBr2(PPh3)2] This experiment provides a method for the generation of nitrosyl complexes without the use of free nitric oxide. The NO group in complexes can be classified in two groups. The NO can posses a linear coordination that can be considered as a 3 electron donor . With the nitrogen atom sp hybridized. The NO group can posses bent coordination and can be considered as a 1 electron donor. With the nitrogen atom sp 2 hybridized. The use of infra-red spectroscopy can clearly distinguish between the coordinations. Experimental details Placed in a round bottom flask (100ml) powdered sodium nitrite (4g), [NiBr2(PPh3)2] (2.5g) ,triphenylphosphine(0. 9g) and tetrahydrofuran (25cm3) . Mixture was refluxed for 35 minutes, then cooled and filtered. Volume was reduce to 12cm3 by use of rotary evaporation , petroleum sprit (60-80i C)(12cm3) slowly added to warm solution. The formation of a purple solid was a result of the introduction of petroleum sprit. The purple product was filtered and dried . Discussion The reaction condition required for the experiment was reflex for 35mintues and use of solvents tetrahydrofuran and petroleum sprit. In this experiment the roles of the reagent are as followed: Sodium nitrite Used to generate NO the ligand We will write a custom essay sample on Nitrosyl Complexes: Preparation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nitrosyl Complexes: Preparation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nitrosyl Complexes: Preparation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer [NiBr2(PPh3)2] The ligand complex , were the NO group will displace one of the Br. triphenylphosphine Used to form OPPh3 and used in oxidation . tetrahydrofuran an aprotic solvent and is used to dissolve compounds Petroleum sprit A solvent, used in the formation of the purple solid. Theoretical yield =0. 004644. 79=2. 58g Percentage yield (2. 50/2. 58)x100=96. 9% Possible structures of metal to NO coordination modes are shown below. The melting point of the product is 172C. The implication of the use of infra-red spectroscopy is that coordination of the NO group can be determined. From the infra-red spectrum there is a peak at 1893 cm-1 that corresponds to the NO group. The peak falls in the range of 1650-1900cm-1. The mode of bonding of the NO can be deduce, the bonding mode is linear. The melting point also falls in the region that complements that of the linear bonding mode. Method to distinguish between possible square planar and tetrahedral coordination of [NiBr2(PPh3)2] Using the crystal field splitting diagrams for Ni2+ in both tetrahedral and square planar. The tetrahedral field only has 2 unpaired electrons, whereas the square planar has no unpaired electrons. In the calculation of the spin only magnetic moments of each field the tetrahedral field will have 2. 83i B . The magnetic moment will be zero for square planar. Measure the magnetic moment of [NiBr2(PPh3)2] at room temperature. The number that is nearest to the measured magnetic moment at room temperature gives the coordination of [NiBr2(PPh3)2] . Say the magnetic moment at room temperature is 3. 15 B for [NiBr2(PPh3)2] then the coordination is tetrahedral. The oxidation state of Ni metal is 2+. Where Br is -1,NO is -1 and PPh3 is 0. Additional learning Conclusion The experiment was a good method to determine the coordination of NO. The method allowed the aims of the experiment to be achieved. The only negative critic would be that the infra-red spectrum was that good. The peaks were not broad enough this could be due to the sample used for the infra-red not being prepared properly. A improvement would be to prepare a good sample for the infra-red.

Winnemucca Essays

Winnemucca Essays Winnemucca Essay Winnemucca Essay The interesting thing about this paper is the amount of information that the writer manages to include in a relatively short paper. I like the use of the native Paiute and the introduction to Sarah Winnemucca as perhaps she would have seen herself. Especially nice is Sarah’s view of her father and the idea that it contradicts accepted history of the time period. This leads me to the question of whether this was simply a daughter’s perception that her father was more important than he was or if it is simply that some historians have not accurately understood the loose confederation of tribes of the Paiute. I also appreciated that this story was told in the first person and with great reverence to her father and grandfather as would have been appropriate for a member of her tribe. She also expresses great sorrow over the loss of the man that taught her English. It is also interesting that Sarah managed to keep her humor about her in spite of the way her people were treated by the American government and that she spent her entire life fighting for better rights for her people. I am impressed that she led such a short life and accomplished so very much.

Asthma Outline Essay

A respiratory viral infection plays a major role in important aspects of asthma and its exacerbation; which is nearly associated for about 80% of overall respiratory condition. Viral pathogen associated with wheezing includes Human Rhinovirus (HRV), Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Parainfluenza, and coronavirus (Busse & Lemanske. 2010). Rhinovirus is associated with common colds that may cause sore throat, sinus infection, ear infection and to some degree of bronchiolitis and pneumonia (American†¦ Asthma Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide characterized by the inflammation of the bronchial smooth muscles. In the past 20 years, the incidence of asthma, especially in children, has increased (Wong et al., 2009). Inflammatory and structural changes of asthma in the airways lead to narrowing of the airway, edema as increased mucus production and bronchoconstriction. While bronchoconstriction plays a key role in asthma, more emphasis has recently been placed on the inflammatory†¦ Asthma is oftentimes overlooked or brushed to the side when talking about disabilities, especially when it comes to discussing disabilities among school children. Due to modern medicine and an increased knowledge about the disease, those affected by it are often able to live normal healthy lives. Despite being treatable, asthma is not a disease that should be taken lightly. Boushey & Fahy state that asthma wasn’t considered a severe disease until the 1960’s when several asthmatic deaths took place†¦ pathophysiology of asthma. Asthma occurs when a patient’s airway becomes narrow, swells and produces excess mucus. The patients’ breathing becomes labored and causes shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing. Asthma may be minor for some patients, but for others it may cause severe complications. Asthma may also interfere with activities of daily living and in some instances can be life threatening. Asthma is not curable, but the symptoms can be managed with medications. Overtime, asthma may change and†¦ million individuals worldwide suffering from asthma (WHO 2006). It is expected by the year 2025 there will an additional 100 million persons diagnosed with asthma. As the prevalence of this non-communicable disease continues to rise there must me methods implemented to control and monitor. It is with this foundation that a needs assessment was conducted in the emergency department (ED) of the Princess Margaret Hospital in Nassau, Bahamas. Uncontrolled asthma places an enormous strain on individuals’†¦ Asthma is such a common disease. For instance, a negative response to an emotional stress can cause an asthma attack (Mark 1007). Have you actually seen someone have an asthma attack? It is the scariest thing because you cannot do anything about it. They say that there are no cures for asthma, and they also claim that there is some natural therapies that may help to manage symptoms of asthma. Weather your asthma is completely manageable and only shows up from time to time, or if you only have to†¦ Asthma Introduction In today's society children are faced with many problems in their day to day life. However, there is one disorder that affects many children and can be potentially fatal if not caught and treated correctly. This disorder is call asthma. The National Center for Biotechnology Information defines asthma as, "Asthma is a disorder that causes the airways of the lungs to swell and narrow, leading to wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightening, and coughing." Asthma mostly effects†¦ Asthma is characterized by the pathological changes in the submucosal glands, the increase of smooth muscle composition and hardening of the lamina reticularis; due to the recurrent inflammation and overproduction of mucus in the airways (Holgate & Sly, 2014). The inflammatory response is highly associated with the clinical symptoms of wheezing, coughing, short of breath and chest tightness (Cosio, Rosado & Rossi, 2012). The objectives of this essay is to discuss the pathophysiology of asthma, outline†¦ Asthma for Life The person I interviewed was my 16 year grandson D. Bass. Mr. Bass lives in a small rural community about twenty minutes away from me. He has had asthma his entire life. This interview took place at my house, he drove over on a Sunday afternoon to visit and I conducted the interview. I spent about an hour asking him questions, then did a brief physical assessment on him. He is a typical adolescent teenager and had to hurry out had somewhere to go. Questionnaire I first completed†¦ indigenous boy, who has asthma since he was two. He shows up in the hospital and complains about shortness of breath. Steven stays with his mother and 6 siblings in a remote town in rural Australia. Based on Steven’s situation, this essay will discuss about the pathophysiology about asthma, and then evaluate the nurse’s role of providing the nursing care for both Steven and his family. Harver and Kotses (2010) define asthma as the chronic inflammatory disorder of the airway. Asthma is a respiratory condition†¦

Quantitative Research (Cluster and Regression Analysis) Essay

Quantitative Research (Cluster and Regression Analysis) - Essay Example In most of the marketing data sets like the one taken now for analysis none of these two conditions hold. Data were collected from the database provided by the chain store, the loyalty program of which were researched upon. In any supermarket store loyalty, the location of the store plays a major role as a determinant for the loyalty of the customer (Messinger & Narasimhan, 1997; Engel et al., 1995). In this study the location of the three stores chosen would definitely have affected the purchasing behavior of the customers. Hence the study becomes weak in its identification of the data source. Another weakness of the data has been observed in the varying proportion of the different categories of buying which will have an influence on the application of the cluster analysis technique. The study has not identified the total number of customers of the three stores and hence it would be difficult to comment on the randomness of the sample selected. A comparison of the total number of customers and the number constituting the sample size would have thrown some light on the comparability of the loyal customers between the customers who shopped generally during the period under study and the number of customers who opted to use the loyalty program. Basis for Collection of Information - Clustering Variables The collection of information and clustering considering the percentage of total share of wallet within product categories instead of taking into account the total purchases would have been a much better presentation of data under the research method of clustering analysis. The variables selected are far too general to form an opinion on the customer loyalty. The clustering lacks seriously because of the massiveness of data considered under the general clustering variables. For sure these clustering variables would have been subjected to behavioral benchmarking. It would be interesting to recall the behavioral factors like shopping frequency, tolerance of price increase etc. (Lacey, 2003) Validation of the Clusters The study has used the numerical taxonomy process to group the members into segments (Bunn, 1993; McKelvey, 1975; Punj and Stewart, 1983) However no clarity appears to be in sight in determining the range of potential market structures. Initially the number of groups ranged from two to eleven. Although the study has used the appropriate testing and analysis methods like scree testing, discriminant analysis and regression analysis to arrive at a particular number of groups as cluster groups, there is the lack of a scientific variation among the different groups evolved for study. There are possibilities that a slight change in the scaling would have vitiated the results especially in the middle range groups. This may be either due to problems of scaling as observed by Long (1997) or due to large volume of data analysed. According to Long (1997) "Scaling is a common cause of problems when numerical or interdependence methods are utilized, with the ratio between the largest standard deviation and the smallest standard deviation considered heuristically predictive of the likelihood and size of

Preschool pros and cons Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Preschool pros and cons - Research Paper Example The supporters of preschool education are of the view that preschool education has an integral role in children’s learning and development. They could find out certain other features that are truly helping the children to expand their learning experience. But many others strongly disagree with the prospect of preschools and remark that they are nothing more than glorified babysitters that cannot provide individual attention to each child. This paper explores the pros and cons of the preschools and identifies that preschools have an elite role in molding the character and behavior of students and they are essential for preparing them for elementary school. Preschools have certain good qualities that really help the children to be confident, enthusiastic and eager learners. Preschools provide students the opportunity to do as many things by themselves. This independent learning will increase their confidence to put on their dress themselves or keeping or arranging their toys as they wish. Preschools let the children to have their own preferences than prescribing things for them. Encouraging children to engage in games with their friends, relatives and others will also have the same effect. Preschools help the children to get acquainted with friends and family and they are taken to the new realm of education as well as knowledge. The combined endeavor of the parents and the teachers can ensure the all-round development of the children. Laurie Edwards in the article, ‘Building Self-Esteem in Preschool’ makes an assessment about the role of preschools in creating self esteem among the children. The author also agrees with the fact that â€Å"self-esteem begins in infancy, and by the time they reach the preschool years children already have the foundation for their self-esteem. However, parents and preschool teachers can do many things to build on that base so that your child retains a sense of self-esteem throughout his growth

Sports Ethics Essay -- Athletics Sports Ethics Drug Abuse Essays

Sports Ethics Vince Lombardi, most likely the best coach to ever lead a team to victory or multiple ones on a football field. His ethics sometimes questionable, but never misunderstood, were always meant to lead and encourage his team to be nothing but the best, and the best was achieved in 1967. After nine incredible winning seasons with the Green Bay Packers, Lombardi decided to retire as head coach. The Packers had dominated professional football under his direction, collecting six division titles, five NFL championships, two Super Bowls and acquiring a record of 98-30-4. After less than a year, however, he realized that he still wanted to coach. He accepted the head coaching position for the Washington Redskins in 1969. During that season, he kept what had become the Lombardi tradition and led the Redskins to their first winning record in 14 years. In January of 1970, his professional coaching record stood at a remarkable 105-35-6, and the NFL named him their acclaimed "1960s Man of the Decad e."   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His statement that â€Å"winning is the only thing that matters in sport†, is one of the truths that is still inherent in today’s world of sports. Athletes are willing to cheat to guarantee success, either through the use of performance-enhancing drugs, or through the act of injuring others. These days, drugs, blood doping, corruption, injuring others and the consequences of winning and more importantly losing is all evident. Lombardi’s statement is not only applicable to athletes, but it also applies to the countries that the athletes are representing. Events such as the Olympics and the World Cup of Hockey, are a source of national pride and some countries are willing, and fully wanting to try and do anything to bring prestige back, many of them resorting to unethical tactics. Lombardi’s statement does not only affect players, or athletes, it also affects coaches, owners, and managers. They too place winning as their number one concer n. In many cases, fair play generally takes a back seat to the desire for winning. The truth of the matter is that, some will bend rules, while others will outright cheat. The corruptness of sports today has lead to the endless methods and desires of unethical behaviour.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the history of ethics there are three principal standards of conduct, each of which has been proposed as the highest good: happiness or pleasure; du... ...n the world of sports today. Although many people put a huge influence on winning, many if not more put more of an influence on losing, or trying not to. Winning is not a sometime thing; it's an all the time thing. You don't win once in a while; you don't do things right once in a while; you do them right all the time. Winning is a habit. Unfortunately, so is losing –Vince Lombardi –. Works Cited 1. A September to Remember. 7 Apr. 2001 . 2. Beckham, Darren. Blood Doping: Is It Really Worth It? 25 Apr. 2001 . 3. Jennings, Andrew. The New Lords of the Rings. Toronto: Pocket Books, 1996. 4. Lajis, Razak Haji. The History Of Drug Abuse In Sports. 14 Apr. 2001 . 5. Microsoft Encarta (http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761555614&pn=1&s=1#s1). 6. Simon, Robert L. Fair Play Sports, Values, & Society. San Francisco: Westview Press, 1991. 7. Stoll, Sharon Kay. Who Says This is Cheating. Dubuque: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, 1993. 8. Ten Controversial Olympic Moments. 15 Apr. 2001 . 9. Vince Lombardi Homepage http://www.vincelombardi.com/bio.html 10. Washington Post. The Tonya Harding Nancy Kerrigan Saga. 12 Apr. 2001 .

Havisham and Anne Hathaway Poem Comparison Essay

The poems ‘Havisham’ and ‘Anne Hathaway’ by Carol Ann Duffy both portray two women thinking about men; however they have very opposite emotions. The speaker in ‘Havisham’ feels a mix of emotions but mainly bitter hatred and violence towards the man who left her at the altar. Anne Hathaway, however, thinks very fondly of Shakespeare in the second poem. Both poems involve strong emotions and the use of the first person in each helps to make the emotions seem more personal and immediate. The first three words of ‘Havisham’ are â€Å"beloved sweetheart bastard†, this oxymoron shows the speaker’s contrasting emotions towards her lover; she used to love him but now hates him for leaving her. The speaker in ‘Anne Hathaway’ however, describes Shakespeare as â€Å"My living laughing love†, she has affectionate memories of him and even though he is dead she talks as if he were alive. The speaker in ‘Havisham’ has been completely consumed by her hatred. She says there is â€Å"not a day since then/I haven’t wished him dead†. She is unable to stop thinking about him; she can neither forgive nor forget him. It seems that Anne Hathaway, too, often thinks about her loved one. She, however, remembers him in the context of â€Å"the bed we loved in† and remembers how blissful and contented she felt with him in that bed. Anne Hathaway uses vivid imagery to describe Shakespeare and their bed. The speaker describes their bed as â€Å"a spinning world/of forests, castles, torchlight, clifftops, seas†. It is as if when she is in bed with Shakespeare she is in one of his plays, in some exotic location or enchanted, magical world. Imagery is also used to describe the effects that the intense anger has had on Miss Havisham. When she looks in the mirror she says: â€Å"Her, myself, who did this to me? † This shows that her appearance seems unfamiliar to her and she is shocked by her transformation. She now has â€Å"dark green pebbles for eyes†, this suggests she is stony and dead inside, unable to feel love because of the pain she has suffered. She also now has â€Å"ropes on the back of my hands I could strangle with†; by saying this it shows not just how she has physically changed but also shows her murderous thoughts. Both â€Å"Havisham† and â€Å"Anne Hathaway† involve beds. In â€Å"Anne Hathaway†, Anne and Shakespeare’s bed is the stage for â€Å"romance and drama†, and while in bed with him Anne feels like â€Å"he’d written me†, as if he has brought her into being. In their bed they are making poetry together, whilst in their best bed, guests are â€Å"dribbling†¦ prose†. Miss Havisham, however, is alone in her bed, it is devoid of romance. Instead her bed is saturated with grief and hatred as all she does is â€Å"stink and remember†, she is not making poetry in her bed, instead she spends â€Å"whole days/in bed cawing Nooooo at the wall†. In her bed she fantasises having her sweetheart’s â€Å"lost body† over her, and she imagines her â€Å"fluent tongue in its mouth†, this macabre image shows how underneath her anger Miss Havisham feels lonely. The structures used for the poems vary. ‘Anne Hathaway’ is written in the form of a sonnet. This form was often used by Shakespeare so it is fitting that the character of Anne Hathaway should use it too. In ‘Havisham’ the structure looks orderly with four lines in each verse but this contrasts with the content of the poem and doesn’t reflect Miss Havisham’s confusion. The characters in both of the poems are holding onto memories of their loved ones. Miss Havisham cannot stop thinking about the day her sweetheart left her. She has been unable to move on and she is even still wearing her â€Å"yellowing† wedding dress. Anne Hathaway says she is holding onto the precious memories of Shakespeare, â€Å"in the casket of my widow’s head†, this is an apt metaphor because a casket is where you put valuable items and she is therefore keeping her memories safe. Both poems vary in nature. â€Å"Anne Hathaway† is quite a sensual poem. â€Å"Havisham†, however is quite an angry and at times violent poem, for example in the final verse the speaker says: â€Å"I stabbed at a wedding-cake Give me a male corpse for a long slow honeymoon† Her stabbing shows her violent and maniacal behaviour, and when she says â€Å"male corpse† she is showing her underlying hatred of men and maliciousness towards them. ‘Havisham’ is a poem full of grief and regret while ‘Anne Hathaway’ is a celebration of Anne Hathaway and Shakespeare’s love. The women in both poems behave in very different manners and feel very differently towards their loved ones.